Effect of Exposure to Sub-Lethal Potassium Cyanide on Growth Rate, Survival Rate, and Histopathology in Juvenile Heteroclarias (Heterobranchus longifilis x Clarias gariepinus)

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Donald Chukwudi Aniche
Femi Victor Oluwale
Bright Ogechi Ogbolu

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity of potassium cyanide (KCN) on juvenile Heteroclarias following a 96-h static renewal bioassay. Test specimens were acclimatized for 21 days prior to exposure; the acute toxicity (LC50) was determined to be 0.96 mg∙L-1. Fractions of LC50 (⅕, ¼, ⅓ and ½) were estimated in triplicate for sub-lethal studies in a 21-day exposure/ recovery period. Toxicity of KCN was assessed by examining the behavioural responses, growth parameters, survival rate, and histopathological alterations. Potassium cyanide induced behavioural responses such as irregular swimming activity, rapid jerk-like movement, loss of orientation, and subsequent mortality during lethal toxicity, and reduced or erratic feeding behaviour during sub-lethal exposure. Relative growth rate (RGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were reduced during exposure, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in daily length increase (DLI). Condition factor (K≥1) across the treatments indicated the specimens were in good condition, and this could be due to cytochrome oxidase in catfish. Survival rate was 100%. Histopathological alterations in gills included lesions, severe stunting and multiple foci of erosion of the secondary lamellae. Fatty infiltration of the hepatic parenchyma and severe necrosis in liver were also observed. During the recovery period, improvements in the affected growth parameters (RGR and SGR), and tissues (gill and liver) were observed. Incidence of sub-lethal concentration of KCN in aquatic environments may induce physiological dysfunctions as indicated by reduced growth, and gill and liver alterations in such organisms.

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Aniche, D. C., Oluwale, F. V., & Ogbolu, B. O. (2019). Effect of Exposure to Sub-Lethal Potassium Cyanide on Growth Rate, Survival Rate, and Histopathology in Juvenile Heteroclarias (Heterobranchus longifilis x Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 43(1), 1–10. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JFE/article/view/136232
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