Heavy Metals in Sangyod Rice Samples Cultivated in Phatthalung, Thailand
Keywords:
Heavy metal, Sangyod rice, Dietary intake, Food safetyAbstract
Sangyod rice is a traditional rice variety grown in Phatthalung province in the southern part of Thailand for more than a hundred years. In this study, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn) in Sangyod rice samples collected from six districts in Phatthalung. The highest mean concentrations of As and Mn were observed for rice samples from Si Banphot. Cd was highest in sample from Kong Ra and lowest in sample from Si Banphot. Bang Kaeo showed the highest content of Cu. Mueang had the greatest Zn concentration and lowest Cu level. The estimated daily intake of heavy metals resulting from rice consumption was 0.019–0.045 mg As day-1, 0.003–0.013 mg Cd day-1, 0.15–0.37 mg Cu day-1, 2.94–3.75 mg Mn day-1 and 5.12–5.88 mg Zn day-1, respectively. The percentage contribution to Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) values of As and Cd for male was 12.9–30.3% and 4.7–18.4%, respectively, and for female was 15.6–36.7% and 5.7–22.3%, respectively. The obtained results showed all Sangyod rice samples from this study had the dietary intake of As and Cd lower than the PTWI values.
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Codex. 1995. Codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome, Italy, (Codex Standard 193–1995).
Davis, D.A., Gatlin and D.M. 1996. Dietary mineral requirements of fish and marine crustaceans. Review in Fisheries Science. 4:75–99.
Department of Health. 2004. Nutrition analysis of Sanyod Phatthalung rice. Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
EFSA. 2014. Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European population. EFSA Journal. 12(3):3597.
Erikson, K.M. and Aschner, M. 2003. Manganese neurotoxicity and glutamate–GABA interaction. Neurochemistry International. 43:475–480.
FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2014. Report of the Eight Session of the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods.
Hang, X., Wang, H., Zhou, J., Ma, C., Du, C. and Chen, X. 2009. Risk assessment of potentially toxic element pollution in soils and rice (Oryza sativa) in a typical area of the Yangtze River Delta. Environmental Pollution. 157:2542–2549.
HHS. 2010. United States Department of Agriculture/United States Department of Health and Human Services, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010. Washington, DC, USA.
Hurley, L.S. and Keen, C.L. 1987. Manganese. Underwood, E. and Mertz, W. (Eds.). In Trace elements in human health and animal nutrition (pp.185-223). Academic Press, New York.
Institute of Medicine (US). 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academy Press. Washington DC.
JECFA. 2011. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme Codex Committee on contaminants in foods: Working document for information and use in discussions related to contaminants and toxins in the GSCTFF.
McDowell, L.R. 1992. Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition. Academic Press Inc, CA, USA.
National Statistical Office and Office of Agricultural Economics of the Kingdom of Thailand. 2012. Food insecurity assessment at national and subnational levels in Thailand, 2011. Bangkok, Thailand.
NECTEC, NSTDA. SizeThai (Online). Avaiable: http://www.sizethailand.org/region_all.html.
Ogiyama, S., Tagami, K. and Uchida, S. 2008. The concentration and distribution of essential elements in brown rice associated with the polishing rate: Use of ICP-AES and Micro-PIXE. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B. 266: 3625–3632.
Omar, N.A., Praveena, S.M., Aris, A.Z. and Hashim, Z. 2015. Health Risk Assessment using in vitro digestion model in assessing bioavailability of heavy metal in rice: A preliminary study. Food Chemistry. 188:46–50.
Parengam, M., Judprasong, K., Srianujata, S., Jittinandana, S., Laoharojanaphand, S. and Busamongkol, A. 2010. Study of nutrients and toxic minerals in rice and legumes by instrumental neutron activation analysis and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 23:340–345.
Pavlica, S. and Gebhardt, R. 2010. Comparison of uptake and neuroprotective potential of seven zinc-salts. Neurochemistry International. 56:84–93.
Pinto, E., Almeida, A. and Ferreira, I. 2016. Essential and non-essential/toxic elements in rice available in the Portuguese and Spanish markets. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 48:81–87.
Rahman, M.A., Rahman, M.M., Reichman, S.M., Lim, R.P. and Naidu, R. 2014. Heavy metals in Australian grown and imported rice and vegetables on sale in Australia: Health hazard. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 100:53–60.
Song, Y., Xue, Y., Liu, X., Wang, P. and Liu, L. 2008. Effects of acute exposure to aluminum on blood-brain barrier and the protection of zinc. Neuroscience Letters. 445:42–46.
Srinuttrakul, W. and Busamongkol, A. 2014. Elemental Analysis of Brown Rice by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Energy Procedia. 56:85–91.
Srisawat, U., Panunto, W., Kaendee, N., Tanuchit, S., Itharat, A., Lerdvuthisopon, N. and Hansakul. P. 2010. Determination of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities in water extracts of Thai red and white rice cultivars. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 93:S83–S91.
Takeda, A. 2001. Zinc homeostasis and functions of zinc in the brain. Biometals. 14:343–351.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 1993. Arsenic, Inorganic; Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System: Washington, DC, USA.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 1989. Cadmium; Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System: Washington, DC, USA.
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Published
2018-06-22
How to Cite
Srinuttrakul, Wannee, Vorapot Permnamtip, Vorapot Permnamtip, and Satoshi Yoshida. 2018. “Heavy Metals in Sangyod Rice Samples Cultivated in Phatthalung, Thailand”. Food and Applied Bioscience Journal 6 (Special):45-54. https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/fabjournal/article/view/129995.
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FAB Conference 2018
